Detection and Genetic Analysis of Songling Virus in Haemaphysalis concinna Near the China-North Korea Border

The Songling virus (SLV), a tick-borne virus of emerging importance, has raised significant concerns due to its potential role in zoonotic transmission and public health implications. This study focuses on the detection and genetic characterization of SLV in Haemaphysalis concinna ticks collected near the China-North Korea border, a region recognized for its rich biodiversity and heightened risk of tick-borne diseases.

https://zoonoses-journal.org/index.php/submit-a-paper/

---

Introduction

1. Background on Songling Virus
   
   
   
   • Songling virus is a member of the Nairoviridae family, transmitted by ticks.
   
   
   • It is associated with febrile illness in humans and poses zoonotic risks.
   
   
   
   


2. Study Area and Rationale
   
   
   
   • The China-North Korea border is a hotspot for emerging tick-borne pathogens due to its unique ecological and climatic conditions.
   
   
   • Understanding the genetic diversity of SLV in ticks from this region is crucial for surveillance and public health strategies.
   
   
   
   

---

Methods

1. Sample Collection
   
   
   
   • Haemaphysalis concinna ticks were collected from vegetation and livestock in the border area using drag sampling and direct removal.
   
   
   
   


2. Virus Detection
   
   
   
   • RNA was extracted from pooled tick samples.
   
   
   • Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was performed targeting SLV-specific genes.
   
   
   
   


3. Genetic Analysis
   
   
   
   • Positive samples underwent full-genome sequencing to identify genetic variations.
   
   
   • Phylogenetic analysis was conducted to compare SLV strains with those reported in other regions.
   
   
   
   

---

Results

1. Prevalence of Songling Virus
   
   
   
   • SLV RNA was detected in 8.5% of the Haemaphysalis concinna samples.
   
   
   • Infection rates were higher in ticks collected from livestock compared to vegetation.
   
   
   
   


2. Genetic Characteristics
   
   
   
   • Sequencing revealed several novel mutations in the SLV genome, particularly in genes associated with viral replication and host interaction.
   
   
   • Phylogenetic analysis placed the detected strains in a distinct clade, suggesting regional genetic divergence.
   
   
   
   


3. Potential Zoonotic Implications
   
   
   
   • Genetic markers associated with mammalian host adaptation were identified, highlighting the risk of human infection.
   
   
   
   

---

Discussion

1. Insights into Tick-Borne Virus Ecology
   
   
   
   • The detection of SLV in Haemaphysalis concinna confirms the role of this tick species as a vector in the China-North Korea border region.
   
   
   • The genetic variations observed may influence viral transmission dynamics and host specificity.
   
   
   
   


2. Public Health Implications
   
   
   
   • The presence of SLV near densely populated areas emphasizes the need for enhanced surveillance and tick control measures.
   
   
   • Awareness campaigns for local communities and healthcare providers are critical for early detection and management of tick-borne illnesses.
   
   
   
   


3. Comparative Analysis
   
   
   
   • The genetic diversity of SLV strains in this study highlights regional adaptations, underscoring the importance of localized studies in understanding tick-borne viruses.
   
   
   
   

---

Conclusion

This study provides valuable insights into the prevalence and genetic characteristics of Songling virus in Haemaphysalis concinna ticks near the China-North Korea border. The findings underscore the importance of continuous surveillance and research to mitigate the risks associated with emerging tick-borne viruses.